In the internetwork, internet protocol(IP) address is used to identify a node. Internet Protocol has two versions IPv4 and the other one is IPv6. Logical address is the another name of IP addressing.
IP Address Quality
Identification / location
The length is same
Network will divided based on the size
IP Address – 32-bit Address
Divided into 4 Octets
4 Octets
Each Octets ranges from 00000000 …………………………… 11111111 i.e from (0 to 255)
Each Octets is of
IP Address Contains into 2 Parts
Location (NID – Network ID) Identification (HID – Host ID) Network Classifications are: Class-A —————— 0-127 Class-B —————— 128-191 Class-C —————— 192-223 Class-D —————— 224-239 Class-E —————— 240-255
Class A
Network ID = 8 Bits Host ID = 24 Bits
Network ID
In Class A, there are 8 bits and so 28-1 networks are possible = 128 Networks. These (0 to 255) values in first octet are shared among other classes also. Values for class-A will be ranging in (0 to 127).
I Octet
Most Significant Bit (MSB)
Least Significant Bit (LSB)
128 (MSB) is reserved for Class A as ‘0’ always. 0.0.0.0 – This is reserved for representing any network. 127.0.0.0 – This is Loop back address. Finally, Class-A can have 1-126 networks. For Example : 20.20.10.0 is a Class-A Network
Host ID (HID)
If the hosts IDs are ‘0’ then it will definitely represents the network and not the host. If the hosts IDs are ‘255’ then it will represent the broadcast address for this particular network.
For Example:
20.0.0.0 —————————— Network Address (All HID ‘0’) 10.0.0.1 —————————— First Host IP Address (All HID ‘0’ except the least) 10.255.255.254 ——————— Last Host IP Address (All HID ‘1’ except the least) 10.255.255.255 ——————— Broadcast IP Address (All HID ‘1’)
Class-B
Network ID = 16 Bits Host ID = 16 Bits Range 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Network ID
I Octet
Two bits will be reserved for class-B
The other two bits are from 000000 to 111111.
Network ID has 2 octets out of which two 2 bits are reserved.
216-2 = 214 = 16384 networks for Class-B.
For Example: 172.16.0.0 is a Class-B Network.
Host ID (HID)
If the hosts IDs are ‘0’ then it will represent the network and not the host. If the hosts IDs are ‘255’ then it will represent the broadcast address for this particular network.
For Example
160.22.0.0 ————————— Network Address 160.22.0.1 ————————— First Host IP Address 160.22.255.254 ——————— Last Host IP Address 160.22.255.255 ——————— Broadcast IP Address
Class-C
Network ID = 24 bits Host ID = 8 bits Range 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Network ID
I Octet
The last three bits will be reserved for Class-C
The others are from 00000 to 11111
Network ID has 3 octets out of which two 3 bits are reserved.
It becomes 224-3 = 221 = 2097152 networks for Class-C.
For Example: 201.15.2.0 is a Class-C network.
Host ID (HID)
If the hosts IDs are ‘0’ then it will represent the network and not the host. If the hosts IDs are ‘225’ then it will represent the broadcast address for this particular network.
For Example:
195.53.45.0 —————— Network Address 195.53.45.1 —————— First Host IP Address 195.53.45.254 ————— Last Host IP Address 195.53.45.255 ————— Broadcast IP Address
Class-D
Class D have 224-239 networks. The purpose of this class is for Multicasting.
Class-E
Class E have 240-255 networks. Class E networks are used for Research purposes.
Note: At the end of this, we can reserved addresses from the above for the private networks. Following are ranges of the IP addresses:
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 —————— Class-A 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.0.0 —————— Class-B 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 ————-- Class-C
Internet Protocols V.6 Introduction:
IPv6 has 128 bits. IPv6 is a power of 16 octet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16 : 16
Thus, it will become 128 bits.
[root@linuxpathfinder ~]#vi /etc/sysconfig/network networking IPV6=yes
save and quit.
[root@linuxpathfinder ~]#vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scipts/ifcfg-eth1 ipv6init = yes IPv6Addr = 2010:db8:100f10:0::1/64 [root@linuxpathfinder ~]#ip --6 addr show
